_{step one}), fewer other-gender friends (H_dos), and higher anxiety in mixed-gender situations (H₃). Prior studies have not found any consistent moderating effect of student gender on the differences related to single-sex schooling, and we expected the school differences to be similar in boys and girls (H₄). Nevertheless, we included student gender as a potential moderator as most prior studies did [4,13]. Across the two samples, we predicted that differences between single-sex and coeducational school students ple as the school differences may attenuate when all students were exposed to similar mixed-gender environments after graduation (H₅). Also, we hypothesized that the potential school difference in mixed-gender anxiety was mediated by gender salience (H_six) and mixed-gender friendships (H_seven).

Participants.

Members was indeed hired regarding five regional higher universities (you to definitely all the-lady, you to all of the-males and two coeducational) situated in demographically diverse districts for the Hong kong. Professionals provided Form 1 so you can 6 (eight th to help you several th level) college students apart from new every-people university, from which Means 6 youngsters had been excluded due to the school’s plan to have personal test preparing. Surveys have been given from the a category professor inside for each category. Users accomplished procedures with the based details and you can reported its monthly relatives income, parental degree and you may age, variety of sisters and brothers, and you can ethnicity. This research are done in accordance for the pointers and you will recognition of College off Hong-kong Peoples Browse Ethics Committee (HKU HREC). Students‘ assent and couch potato concur of parents otherwise guardians had been gotten before study collection. Most of the subjects offered authored advised consent according to the Statement away from Helsinki.

A total of 2083 students participated in the study (participation rate: 84%). Twenty-four subjects were excluded from analyses due to missing or extreme data (11 coeducational school students did not indicate their gender and 13 students reported extremely unlikely values on demographic variables). The final sample (N = 2059, M_age = years, SD = 2.03) consisted of 589 boys and 376 girls from the two coeducational schools, 416 boys from the all-boys school, and 678 girls from the all-girls school. This sample size had over 99% a priori power to detect small differences (.20 < d < .30) at ? = .05, two-tailed . Participants were mainly Chinese (89%). Among the four participating schools, the all-boys school and one coeducational school were in Band 2, while the all-girls school and the other coeducational school were in Band 3. All participating schools used Chinese as the teaching language. Some schools used spoken Cantonese and some used spoken Mandarin in class, but they used the same written language in formal printed materials. Therefore, the questionnaires were printed in Chinese. Consistent with prior research [3,4,8], participants from single-sex schools had parents with higher education level, t(2042) = -7.157, p < .001, and attended more academically excellent schools, t(2023) = -, p < .001, unequal variances, than did participants from coeducational schools. The average parental education level of the sample (i.e., between junior secondary to senior secondary) was similar to a representative sample of over 9000 students from local high schools, one from each of the 19 districts in Hong Kong . Detailed participant characteristics are presented in Table 1.

Sex salience level.

Gender salience is measured from the McGuire ainsi que al.is why means . This measure has been proven to get of this otherwise inspired because of the sex structure [twenty-seven,53]. Members was indeed asked supply around three small solutions to every away from those two questions: “Let me know sdc profiles what you are” and you may “Tell me what you are maybe not”. They certainly were taught to jot down what they you’ll think of immediately. Brand new answers was in fact up coming coded due to the fact “gender-related” otherwise “non-gender-related”. Dining table dos reveals examples of which coding program. Solutions was in fact earliest coded separately by a few coders. Inter-rater reliability try large for everyone answers (every ? > .93). Conflicts was next solved of the conversations among them programmers. The complete level of intercourse-related solutions along side a couple inquiries was summed to indicate intercourse salience.