Besides the masculine suffix -ec, that was above mentioned from the Vidovic-Muha (), the study along with relates to the brand new Slovenian masculine suffix -ar

The original area of the papers is about brand new derivation off feminine and male nouns for procedures in English and you will Slovenian. The study signifies that the brand new dominating style of female nouns when you look at the each other dialects relates to derivation via affixation, if you’re English comes with the compounding. Masculinatives is unusual in dialects; he is mainly formed with regards to procedures which have been traditionally believed part of the female fields. The fresh suffix is not active but may remain noticed in the word babicar (‚male midwife‘). The very best difference in the 2 dialects would be the fact modern English seems to be abandoning making use of gender-noted versions (with the exception of this new unusual feminatives that will still be), whereas during the Slovenian, once the confirmed because of the corpus studies, the use of feminatives is rising. The reason for this asymmetry was grounded on that English enjoys a close non-existent grammatical gender system, and in most cases spends the same terms and conditions to explain a person involved in a particular occupation. Thus, when it comes to women referents the employment of female nouns is becoming common, as the usage of male common models is found on the fresh new refuse.

The corpus studies shows that the differences between masculine and you will women nouns for specialities would be best revealed by exploring the collocators, semantic tastes, and you may semantic relationships (Sinclair 1996 and you will Philip 2010).

Slovenian nouns denoting procedures has clear referents for gender, in addition to their modern-day explore – confirmed from inside the corpora – shows a definite desire on agreement between grammatical and biological genders

The brand new collocators out-of English masculine and you can female nouns into looked at procedures (actress/actor, policewoman/policeman in waitress/waiter) reveals that it share some semantic surroundings: relevant professions; cities and you will land on the industry; individual brands; conditions discussing the quality of the things they’re doing; as well as the normal methods for the occupation. Specific certain associative meanings are also revealed when we evaluate the latest collocators describing human traits and look. The new feminatives often co-occur with words for stereotypically women personality traits and you will identity (in addition to sexual

connotations). This is exactly relative to Caldas-Coulthard and you can Moonlight (2010), whom explain instance asymmetries with stereotypes off gender, sexualization of women, and additionally as we grow older and you can behaviour.

Slovenian masculine/women pairs to possess professions tell you similar results. Away from semantic preference, we could to see expressions related to typical steps; regular cities and you may surroundings; associated specialities; character traits; and appearance. The corpus research also inform you specific tall differences. Brand new sets of Slovenian male and you will female nouns talking about disciplines will likely be divided into two buraya bakД±nД±z groups. The first that comprises sets which can be semantically equivalent and you may stylistically un), just like the sets throughout the 2nd classification try at the mercy of (a level of) semantic narrowing and stylistic marking.

A prototype for the basic classification ’s the partners zdravnica/zdravnik (‚female/men doctor‘), each of that can co-are present with terms speaing frankly about the type of really works, normal measures and you may relevant procedures. The female nouns in such sets is stylistically unmarked. An equivalent conclusion is going to be achieved towards the pairs sodnica/sodnik (‚female/male judge‘) and vzgojiteljica/vzgojitelj (‚female/male preschool teacher‘), however with good caveat. The form of the pair sodnica/sodnik overlap in the fields from legislation and you can recreation; although not, the content along with echo the fresh public position of the community – one positions (elizabeth.grams., constitutional evaluator) will always be mostly arranged for men. The two vzgojiteljica/vzgojitelj can be described as an effective borderline instance anywhere between designated and you will unmarked definition. The fresh new corpus research strongly recommend a level of semantic narrowing and you can stylistic marking: this is of „professor for the students dormitory“ relates to men, given that use of adjectives (patient women and you can strict males) what to gender stereotyping.